Judaism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Judaism - Research Paper Example Even though evidence cannot be provided for the existence of the one or may Supreme beings, there is evidence for the power of religion. There are numerous religions across the globe. However, the most distinct one are Islam, Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism, and Hinduism. These religions have symbols, narratives, and sacred histories whose purpose is to explain the meaning and origin of life. In the same way, from their beliefs about human nature, the people may derive ethics, morality, and religious laws. The religions have the clergy, organised behaviours, Holy Scriptures, holy places, and a definition of what makes up adherence. The practice of religion may also include things like commemoration, feats, festivals, prayer, sacrifices, sermons, and rituals. Besides that, they also have myths, funerary services, and other aspects of the human culture. Drawing on a variety of sources, the paper will address Judaism history and the present practice. It has been evidenced that Judaism is among the oldest religions on earth that exist until today. Its history, traditions, and beliefs are recorded in the Hebrew Bible. Judaism is a religious tradition that dates back to about 4,000 years ago, and is rooted in the eastern region of Canaan. Canaan is the biblical name of the region between River Jordan and the Mediterranean. This is the equivalent of the current Palestinian and Israel territories (Shahak, 1994). This was during the Bronze Age in the Middle East. Even though the Jewish calendar dates back to more than five thousand years ago, various scholars argue that the commencement of the Judaism faith is linked to the Israelites and their forefather Abraham. This is estimated to be around 164 B.C.E. The beliefs and practices of the classical Judaism did not emerge until the 1st century (Schachter-Shalomi & Segel, 2013). In this regard, Judaism

Communication Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Communication Research - Assignment Example 2). Qualitative research on the other hand entails a process of inquiry which enables the researcher to understand the social or human issue confronting the society and enables the analysis of this complex phenomenon through a holistic perspective and reporting of detailed views of those involved i.e. the informants/ participants in the study in a natural setting (Cresswell, 2002: 2). For the purpose of this study a qualitative research design is proposed since it offers a wider platform for the researcher to understand and explore the topic of study by methods which help in gathering information that help in understanding one’s qualitative understanding (Guba and Lincoln, 1998). Qualitative research entails several methods of inquiry for analysis such as biography, phenomenological study, grounded theory, ethnography as well as case study. All these types of method afford the researcher in thoroughly exploring the topic of the study and understand the meaning and intentions o f the participants. For the purpose of this study the case study methodology is proposed whereby some key blogs will be selected and its impact on the traditional mainstream media will be observed and analysed. This method is chosen to avoid a mere theoretical interpretation of the phenomenon and engage in a practical discussion thorugh application of case studies that help in supporting the analysis. The blogs will be carefully chosen based on various parameters number of readers, number of views, types of topics dealt with etc among others. References: Creswell, J. W. (2002). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative approaches to research. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Pearson Education. Guba, E. G. & Lincoln, Y. S. (1998). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In Norman K. Denzin & Yvonna S. Lincoln (Eds.), The landscape of qualitative resea

Criminology Delinquency and crime the general strain theory

Criminology Delinquency and crime the general strain theory General Strain Theory (GST), introduced by sociologist Robert Agnew in 1992 (Cernkovich, Giordano, Rudolph, 2000), focuses on the individual effects of strain, and how it is that that strain then leads a person towards delinquency and crime. This essay looks at the background of strain theory, its explanation of crime and deviance, evaluates the theory and ends with the writers opinion of general strain theory. General Strain Theory is more individualised than the first Anomie and Strain theory that was introduced by Emile Durkheim and Robert Merton. Agnew, Brezina, Wright, Cullen (2002) suggest that it is personality traits within the individual that result in their reaction to strain, and it is then these certain traits that end up in the individual turning towards delinquency and crime as a way to relieve the tension that the strain has brought into their life. The major traits associated with individual strain are those traits of constraint and negative emotionality (Agnew et al., 2002), which when provoked by strain, lead the individual to such emotions as anger and to delinquency and crime to relieve this anger. Also known as negative affect states (Seigel, 2003), these adverse emotions of anger and frustration can be controlled by many individuals, but coupled with those traits of low constraint and high negative emotionality in an individual, other individuals have trouble with con trolling these negative affect states and delinquency is often the result when strain is added to their lives. General strain theory does do the good deed per se of explaining both crime and deviance as a theory, as most individuals who react negatively to strain do so mainly in a delinquent way, but not always in a criminal way. If the reaction is in a criminal way though, it is only to the extent of income-generating criminality, and rarely results in crimes of a hurtful nature (Cernkovich, et al., 2000). Many researchers have found that the main type of strain that results in crime occurring is the strain of an individuals economic situation (Cernkovich et al., 2000), and thus most crime and delinquency to relieve this strain tension is ways in which income can be obtained. While some individuals only go as far as delinquency (such as acting out against someone) to relieve their tension from strain pressures, others do go the extra distance and commit a crime, such as robbing another individual. The difference between committing a delinquent act and committing a criminal act is explained b y general strain theory as a direct result of the level of constraint and negative emotionality that individual possesses (Agnew et al., 2002). In support of general strain theory, Agnew et al. (2002) looked at 2300 children between the ages of 7 and 11 in 1976, and again five years later in 1981, measuring their individual strains (both at home and at school), and comparing it with their level of constraint and negative emotionality. Teacher and parental survey reports for each child were also used at each time period. Agnew et al. (2002) believed that it was mainly juveniles who reacted negatively to strain, and thus the researchers wanted to test whether the children with low constraint and high negative emotionality in 1976 were more likely in 1981 to act criminally and/or delinquently, if their levels of constraint and negative emotionality were the same or worse as previous. In response to their surveys, Agnew et al. did find that those juveniles with low constraint and high negative emotionality in 1981 were more likely to act in a delinquent or criminal manner as a reaction to parental and educational strain that occ urred in their lives. Cernkovich et al.(2000) took a different approach in testing general strain theory, instead looking at race and the so-called American Dream and the effect that these factors had on certain individuals. Two samples were used in the design: the first a sample of individuals living in private households, and the second a sample of previously institutionalised offenders. As in the previous study by Agnew et al. (2002), the samples were interviewed as adolescents in 1982 and then again in 1992 (household sample) and 1995 (institutionalised sample) (Cernkovich et al., 2000). When conceptualised in career and materialistic terms, the African-American commitment to the American dream was strong, although high levels of unemployment and low incomes were still common occurrences. While lacking access to money and materialistic objects, the importance of the American dream to many African-Americans was still quite high, resulting in the occurrence of delinquency and criminality in an effort to improve their chances of achieving the American dream (Cernkovich et al., 2000). Thus it would seem that racial factors do play a role in general strain theory, in addition to those trait factors of low constraint and high negative emotionality. Either way it is looked at, general strain theory explains how it is that delinquency and criminality can both occur. In one case it is because of the extent of traits within an individual, in another case it is based on the importance one race holds towards materialism and status quo. Evaluation While it is true that general strain theory does do the job of explaining both crime and deviance, at the same time general strain theory does include some shortcomings as a criminology theory overall. General strain theory has done a job of explaining why it is that those races other than Caucasian (or White) do commit crime and delinquent acts, but then why is it that Caucasians commit many of the delinquent and criminal acts in the world? General strain theory has no real explanation for this, other than the fact that they might possess the traits of low constraint and negative emotionality. But what about those people who commit crimes and delinquent acts and do not possess these traits? Why is it then that they are doing what they are doing? General strain theory has no explanation for this occurrence. Agnew et al. (2002) stated that it was mainly juveniles who possessed the traits of low constraint and negative emotionality, and thus were the ones to react negatively to strain, but what about those who are not juveniles? Obviously these individuals must possess these traits as well, but what if they do not? What is it then that has made them commit the act that they did? Seig el (2003) writes that negative affective states such as anger and frustration result in criminal and delinquent acts, but what about those psychopaths and sociopaths who do not have these feelings at the time of their crime, or those individuals who commit crime just because and not as a result of a negative state? General strain theory, while on the micro level, may be too much on the micro level, for it is not only those individual issues, but the larger macro societal issues as well that interact for an individual to commit a delinquent or criminal act. Another issue that general strain theory does not take into account, when explaining crime and deviance, is the crimes committed by those who have already achieved the American Dream. With their economic situation already high, why is it that some people choose to risk it all for a few more dollars? General strain theory does not explain why many of the so-called white-collar crimes occur. And in keeping with the American dream, what about those individuals who do not adhere to the American dream? Why is it that people in little villages halfway around the world commit crimes? They have no reason to adhere to the American dream of the Western world, so what is their reason for committing crime? It can not be a racial issue, for they are the only race that is around in their part of the world, wherever that may be. And low constraint and high negative emotionality are not issues to them as traits, so why is it then that they have committed their crime? General strain theory has no exp lanation. According to general strain theory, those who commit crime should be non-white, poor, with low constraint and high negative emotionality. So why it is that poorer people are not committing crime? What about those who are okay being poor? Should they not be adhering to the American dream? What about trying to strike it rich by any means possible? General strain theory states that juveniles commit crimes and delinquent acts because they do not have the means by which to properly deal with their low constraint and high negative emotionality (Agnew et al., 2002). This explains why desistance occurs later in life for these juveniles, but what about for those who do not desist from crime as they get older? They have the means now of coping with their educational and parental strains, or those strains have gone away, so why are they still committing criminal and delinquent acts? And what about those individuals who do not commit these such acts as juveniles but begin to do so later on in life? Why is it that with the means to cope with life strains some people choose to ignore their coping mechanisms and instead turn to a delinquent and criminal life? A general strain theorist would argue that the individual has the coping mechanisms to deal with life strains that they did not possess as juveniles and so should be able to desist fr om crime and delinquency, but what if they do not? General strain theory has no reason as to why this occurs. It is a statement of fact that crime does occur in the slum areas, and this coincides with the views expressed in general strains theory, but what about those crimes that are not committed in the slum areas? Why are these crimes occurring? General strain theory would say that it is because that person has low constraint and high negative emotionality, but what if the individual is not a juvenile? Should they not have grown out of these traits by now? Another issue not explained by general strain theory is why hate crimes occur. Why is it that gays, lesbians, transvestites, transsexuals are discriminated against? Why does discrimination occur at all? Why is it that terrorism occurs? Why is it that wars occur? General strain theory has no real solid explanation for any of these occurrences of crime. It can be explained why those who are discriminated against would feel strain and commit a crime or a delinquent act, but why is it exactly that they were discriminated against in the first place? In many instances those people who are non-white are not further ahead in the American dream than are whites, and discriminating against someone does not further an individuals chances of achieving the American dream, so why is it that discrimination occurs at all? Another shortcoming of general strain theory is in concordance with achieving the American dream. General strain theorists state that crimes are committed to improve an individuals economic situation. What about the crime that is violent and non-monetary? Why does it occur? Yes, it is true that it could be a result of negative affective states, but once monetary gain is achieved, then the negative affective state that an individual is in is supposed to dissipate without the occurrence of violence. But what if this does not occur? General strain theory also does not explain why it is that females commit crimes. Agnew et al. (2002) found that more males than females were prone to having the traits of low constraint and high negative emotionality, and Cernkovich et al. (2000) found the same to be true in their looking at race and adherence to the American dream, so why is it that some females still do commit crime? According to general strain theory, females are highly unlikely to possess high negative emotionality and low constraint, and do not put much importance on the American dream, so why do some not conform to these factors? What is it that makes some people commit delinquent and criminal acts under the same circumstances that others will not? General strain theory has no answer to these questions. Overall, general strain theory does have its shortcomings, and only further research in more diversified areas such as those mentioned above will be able to improve on the shortcomings of the theory, as is the case with any theory that has inadequacies. Once these many questions have answers backed by research, then and only then will general strain theory be able to adequately explain all areas of crime and deviance as they occur in society. Opinion I believe that general strain theory does a fairly adequate job of explaining crime and deviance. While mentioned in the previous few pages that general strain theory does have a few shortcomings in explaining crime and deviance, I believe these shortcomings to be minor in the overall picture of things. General strain theory does what many other theories have trouble doing, and that is explaining both crime and deviance. Many theories only explain one or the other, but general strain theory does the job of explaining both. Depending on the level of constraint and negative emotionality an individual possesses, coupled with the amount of strain that individual then faces, will result in whether or not their way of relieving that strain is criminal or delinquent. Another thing that general strain theory does do is that it explains why both instrumental crimes and expressive crimes occur. One is for monetary reasons, and has the achieving of the American dream to back it; the other is for lack of coping mechanisms to deal otherwise, and has low constraint and negative emotionality as reasoning behind it. General strain theory explains why some classes and races are more likely to commit crimes and delinquent acts than are other classes and races, even if it does not completely explain why it is that white collar crime occurs, or why some people of the lower class do not commit crime. Maybe they have stronger coping mechanisms than other people, maybe other factors are involved. This issue of other factors is where I think many theories go wrong, and why it is that I think general strain theory does an adequate job of explaining crime and deviance. No criminology theory ever really takes into account those outside factors that may change things on a day-to-day basis. Extenuating factors and circumstances are hard to control for when testing if a theory really works or not, and in accordance with this, allowances must be made for all theories when deciding if they really do their job or not. It is for the above-mentioned reason that I think general strain theory does do what a theory is supposed to do: it offers an explanation as to why something is occurring or happening. General strain theory can be applied to crime and deviance, and most crimes are found to be the result of strain or monetary issues, and it is for these reasons that I think general strain theory does an adequate job of explaining crime and deviance. With the use of emotions and money as the background on which general strain theory is based, the occurrence of crime and/or deviance in todays society is fully explained. The occurrence of terrorism and hate crimes are definite reasons as to why general strain theory does not do its job of explaining crime and deviance, but again allowances must be made. No theory completely explains everything that is supposed to; everything cannot be completely explained. General strain theory does its best and integrates a number of things into explaining why it is that one thing (crime) occurs in the world. It does not just deal with one issue as an explanation, as some theories are prone to do, but focuses on a few different things instead. Overall, general strain theory is found to be a fairly sufficient theory when used to explain why it is that crime and deviance occur in todays society, and in the societies of the past. Money makes the world go round and it is because of this that many crimes in the world do occur. General strain theory just takes this into account with emotions added to the equation to state why it is exactly that some people commit criminal and delinquent acts while others do not. While it is true that the theory has its faults and shortcomings, this can be found to be true of any theory; no theory is perfect, and that is something to be taken into account.

Adolescent Girls at Risk Essay -- Essays Papers

Adolescent Girls at Risk What risks are really in existence for adolescent girls growing up on the Arizona-Mexico border? Well, more then anyone in their right mind might be able to imagine. Adolescent girls growing up on the border or in a multicultural area are generally from lower income homes, which in itself introduces an entire set of risk factors. The main focus, but certainly not the only ones at risk, being that of minority groups, such as Hispanic and American Indian girls. In general, they are at a risk for teen pregnancy, drug and alcohol abuse, gang affiliation, and academic and social challenges at school. Now this might not seem entirely foreign or surprising to some people. In fact, almost all high school students are at risk for everything listed, but the degree to which the girls are vulnerable to these risks in a multicultural environment can be alarming. There are many factors that can affect an adolescent girl’s degree of risk, and these factors are generally characterized as â€Å"stressors.† Stressors can consist of many things, from family problems, to social problems, to problems with academics. In migrant children, the stressors can be from the actual act of moving. They can also develop from difficulties in adjusting to a new area where they are now the minority and are being discriminated against for the first time (Canino & Spurlock, 18). This can cause a marked decline in self-esteem, which leads to even more difficulties including metal health problems. Many risk factors affecting minority youth are enhanced by the fact that they are typically from poor, highly stressed families (Canino & Spurlock, 18). Among all of these stressors, there are remedies, including social support... ... Children for Success in the 21st Century. Phoenix, AZ: Arizona Town Hall, 1994. Branch, Curtis W. Clinical Interventions with Gang Adolescents and Their Families. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1997. Canino and Spurlock. Culturally Diverse Children and Adolescents: Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 1994. Finkelstein, Nadia Ehrlich. Children and Youth in Limbo: A Search for Connections. New York, NY: Praeger Publishers, 1991. Garza and Ockerman. Adolescent Mexican American Student Attitudes of Self-Concept, Locus of Control and Family Ideology in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Palo Alto, CA: R&E Research Associates, Inc., 1979. Marchant and Smith. Adolescent Girls at Risk. New York, NY: Pergamon Press, 1977. Social Work with Adolescents. Ed. Jones and Pritchard. Boston, MA: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980.

China: Overpopulation

The Country of China accumulates over 1/5 the population of the world with a massive total of over 1. 3 billion people. Having an Immense population not only creates problems within the country, but also triggers some of the largest Issues our world has faced today. Although China has released a One-Child policy to slightly limit the population rate, problems are continuing to grow at a constant rate. The most powerful institution in the nation of China is the Communist Party of China, otherwise known as the CPA.They set goals and policy that the government hen sets in motion (Dreamer). The Chinese government is generally thought to be repressive, while freedoms of speech, assembly, religion, and press are not well respected (â€Å"China†). In 1979, the Chinese Communist leader Issued the One-Child Policy to limit the nation's population (Hardwood). There are also exceptions to China's One-Child Policy. For instance, the policy applies only to the Han, who make up about 92% of China's population. The Han are descendants of China's first great dynasty.However, rural couples are allowed to have a second child if the first one was a female (Dreamer). Many believe that this form of policy Is unfair and can disturb the cultures of Chinese families. Years ago, China was once concerned for having had too many people to support. As of today, the One-Child Policy causes the country to have too few children to support a rapidly aging country (Hardwood). Also, because males are more valuable than females traditionally, the female population declines. If the ratio of men increases over women, then the population will also decline too fast (Hardwood).Based on the July 2013 census, the population of China stands at about 1,349,585,838 and continues to grow (â€Å"One-Child Policy'). With several people living In urban areas. It is quite difficult for China's government to force its population controlling policies (Hardwood). Those who don't follow the policy are pena lized with heavy fines, destruction of home or possessions, political/physical harassment, and even loss of employment (â€Å"One-Child Policy†). Even with the policy, China's population still continues to grow at a rapid pace.Some estimates show that nearly 1 million more births occur than deaths every 5 weeks (â€Å"One-Child Policy'). These problems will only continue to expedite adversely If a resolution does not develop soon. There are several causes for the rapidly increasing population, but only a few present itself as the primary source. One of the main factors is the fact that China has a high birth rate and a low death rate. This is due to a lack of family planning, a high level of Infant mortality and increased sanitation.Some cultures also believe that It Is unacceptable to use contraception's (â€Å"China†). Other than the logical causes, there was also said to be an â€Å"Economic Project† which had Increased the population to spark China's econom y. According to sources, â€Å"in 1 978, China embarked on an economic project that liberated foreign trade and investment; encouraging the formation of rural and private businesses as an attempt to raise China's economy (Hardwood). This project ultimately led to people having more children as it was conducive to the economy.The problem of overpopulation and the One-Child Policy affect China In several unemployment are serious problems which continue to rise in China (â€Å"China†). The Chinese government neglected to protect its water, air, and land against pollution. Because of this, China is the world's second largest producer of the dangerous greenhouse gases (Dreamer). For the impacts from the policy, â€Å"Officials of China suggested that the immediate consequences of the policy shift would be relatively minor, although the government's own demographic estimates showed that upwards of 10 million couples will be affected† (â€Å"One-Child Policy').The average h ousehold size in China was also down to 3. 1 people, from 3. 44 in 2000. From an international standpoint, the One-Child Policy impacts the entire world by helping reduce the population. Although people around the world complained that the rule was extreme and unfair, the policy has, in some ways, been effective (Dreamer). With China having a mass number of people living in such packed places, several people tend to immigrate to other countries, which can likely cause other problems within those countries as well (Dreamer).Because China is the most populous country, China attracts several other multi-national companies to set up their businesses in areas holding the largest people. Examples of these companies include Coca Cola, Motorola and Volkswagen (Hardwood). Because several companies set up their businesses in a variety of locations, China is ranked number one for having the fasted growing economy (â€Å"Dreamer†). Solutions to improving the policy are slowly going into effect.After the policy, a system of benefits and penalties went into effect. Couples who signed the policy pledge were sometimes granted rewards including regular payments, easy access to healthcare, education, and even desired Job categories for both the parents and the child (â€Å"One-Child Policy'). In the past year, China's governing Communist Party released a document presenting policy changes in allowing couples to have an additional child if the mother or father was an only child (â€Å"One-Child Policy').Because f the fact that the policy changes suit most people throughout the nation, the country of China may be able to become stable in the future without disturbing too much of the culture (Hardwood). Although China has released a One-Child policy to slightly reduce the population, the changes they have made will allow the country to become stronger and more stabilized. Although the country of China still contains problems due to an immense population. The Communist Par ty of China is still in search for a greater solution to make their nation a better place for both China and the World.

Synthesizer

To make this synth, I opened up the ES2 synthesizer in Logic, changed the setting to â€Å"series†, turned on â€Å"poly' and made sure it was in â€Å"unison† and opened up a second and third waveform. Next, I split the waveforms evenly using the acute triangle fgure. I set a cutoff to 1 and 2, and used envelope 2 for the cutoff. Finally, I turned both cut settings all the way to the right†¦ from this I got an upbeat dance- style synth that I'd be happy to use on any dancepop/electro track that I was trying to create!Synth 2 For this next tutorial, I wanted to have synthesized drums, so I made a basic drum pattern in ultrabeat opened up the ES2 synthesizer. The first thing I did once I had the ES2 synthesizer open was change the default preset to plain sine. Next, shorten the attack significantly. Then, I shortened to the decay to a little less than half, took away all of the sustain, then shortened the release to about 1/6. Then, I changed the settings so that t he pitch will be modulated by envelope 2.After, I turned on the filter nd set the drive to about 0. 10 to give some realistic harmonics. Finally, I set the sine level up a bit to give a bit more of a bass sound and voila! The perfect synth percussion to add to a d&b or rap track. Synth 3 For synth number three, I set out to make a house/techno-type synthesizer. I opened up my ES2 synthesizer. First, I set the first channel to sine and right clicked down to number 59 â€Å"cryl† and lowered the channel to -17s. Next I enabled the second channel, put it on a saw tooth and lowered it to -24.Next I enabled the third hannel, went to sine and set it up to â€Å"vox3† and set this one to -36s. Brought the icon in the triangle to the center so the sounds are balanced, then turned the analog halfway up. I went to the top and set it to ono and brought the voices down to 4, set the distortion to about 13. 600db. Finally, I routed envelope 1 to cutoff 2 and set cutoff 2 down to O. Lastly, I set the decay up, however, I also like it when I set the decay all the way down, yet still making for a delightfully electronic sound that would fit any good house/techno track!Synth History Perhaps the first fully electronic instrument came along Just before the turn of the 20th century, in 1899, when William Duddell took technology used in the carbon arc lamp, which was known for making a lot of noise, from a high-pitched whistle down to a low hum. Duddell had the lamp examined and his workers cuncluded that the more voltage the lamp received, the higher the pitch of the sound it gave off would be. Duddell hooked a keyboard up to the lamp and tentatively titled it, â€Å"The Singing Arc†, thus birthing the first fully-functional electronic instrument!

Essay Sample on the Empire of the Sun by J.G. Ballard

Essay Sample on the Empire of the Sun by J.G. Ballard Empire of the Sun by J.G. Ballard deals with many issues that help shape humans. Ballard presents many issues which help shape humans to think and act, especially the character Jim. The maturation of Jim is a major importance because he is able to adapt to different surroundings and also to different people. Jim’s maturation lasts through the entire book and takes a long time because he is constantly changing his attitude and environment. Jim is a British boy living in Shanghai, he is rich and is used to servants doing things for him but then ends up in concentration camps were he has to care for himself. For Jim this would have been a big change that would have been difficult to adapt to, especially someone who is used to servants and coolies doing everything for you. Another hard change for him would have been not having his parents around and because of this was not taken care of and also had to basically be slave for everyone in the camp. Having to run around for everyone else is very demanding on a person especially if they are starving and having malnutrition problems. This makes the reader feel empathy for Jim and makes you hope that better things will come for him. While Jim slaved for Basie, we feel empathy for Jim because he is wasting his energy while Basie just relaxes and watches Jim tire himself out, in this part of the book I felt deeply for Jim because he isn’t realising that he is just about killing himself just to make a friend that doesn’t actually like him but is just using him. For me this was depressing because you wouldn’t think someone could be that shameless in using a 8 year old kid as your slave and then faking to be his friend, Basie even tried to sell Jim but this didn’t seem to affect Jim. While Jim is in Longhua Camp it makes you think what you would do in Jim’s place because some conflicts really get you thinking if you would do that if you had to live. I would find it hard to fake that someone is still alive when they are dead just in order to get food, but likes Jim’s maturation in the mind you find ways of bypassing thoughts like this and just do what is necessary for staying alive. In this situation the environment does shape people to think and act differently. While Jim was in the Olympic Stadium we really get to know all the feelings of all the characters, especially Jim’s feelings for Mr Maxted. This situation is quite emotional for Jim and is basically the only time he cries, so from this we learn that Jim is becoming more mature and is having strong relationships with certain people. This situation seemed to show the more mature Jim that was forming strong bonds with people. The Olympic Stadium defiantly made humans think and act. Ballard has done a great job in making humans think and act differently through different environments that also shape characters personalities.

Concentration camp essays

Concentration camp essays The article that this paper will be based and discussed upon is titled Berthes prison diary, written by Hanna Diamond. Berthes prison diary can be found in the August 1999 issue of History Today, volume 49, pages 43-49. During World War II, it was known that many people suffered. People suffered from the casualties of war, suffered because of their class, but especially because of their race. The group to suffer the most were the Jewish. Over 6 million were killed because of no crime but because of their race. Berthes prison diary is about a woman named Berthe A. and her experience in the French prisons for collaborators. Besides Berthes personal experience in prison, through her diary, we also get accounts on how the other people were treated. France gets invaded on May 10, 1940 by the Nazis. On June 22, 1940, France signs treay of peace with the Nazis. Paris is liberated on August 25, 1944. The setting begins in the August of 1944 in Toulouse, France. It was a time of despair and confusion. France was in a chaos. People were hungry and were left in poor conditions. The Germans had finally left Toulouse after their defeat. Joy came at first to the French when the Liberation finally came, yet it soon turned to hatred and vengeance. There was hatred to those that had helped the Germans succeed and also for those that allied with the Germans. These people were labeled collaborators. Even men and women that were seen with Germans were hated. They were tracked down and even arrested. Some were Berthe A. was the director of laboratory research in the Faculty of Science at the University of Toulouse. On the twenty-second of August in 1944, at about three oclock (according to Berthe), someone knocked on her door and soon enough Berthe was arrested. Of those that were arrested, many did not know ...

Tourism Essay Writing

Tourism Essay Writing What is a Tourism Essay? Tourism essay is a type of writing that explains, narrates or recommends relevant touristic information. For example, you spend an awesome vacation in Paris and your teachers want you to inform your fellow students about what you saw, what you liked, what impressed you, what is worth visiting, what is not and so on. From this perspective, an essay about your touristic impressions is a task that meets that objective. For this reason, students can receive tasks to write about their touristic experiences. Tourism essays can be written at various complexity levels that might differ significantly depending on the level of the paper. For instance, a high school level tourism essay will require students to provide a general account of events and provide the reader with very basic information about the place of interest, its attractions, impressions and the like. A masters level tourism essay is highly likely to be a proper research paper centered on tourism. A paper of such caliber, depending on the requirements, will require the writer to provide in-depth analysis of the regions touristic potential, analyze main reasons and problems that visitors encounter during their stay, discuss or explain touristic infrastructure of the place and so on. Bottom line is the writer will need to put much more effort in order to provide a quality product that meets the academic standard. What is Tourism? Tourism is defined as travel for social, business, medical and other purposes and involves living outside your normal living environment and last no longer than one calendar year. Stemming from the purpose, we can define various types of tourism, e.g. recreational, medical, business, religious, space, sex, safari and other kinds of tourism. According to the World Tourism Association, the top three most visited countries are the United States of America, Spain, and China. These are the locations that attract most tourists from other parts of the world. Here is one more example of tourism essay: Essay about Traveling Need a Tourism Essay? If you need to write an essay on tourism, youve come to the right place. Whatever your topic and level of complexity, we will be happy to help. Weve got the people, the experience and the technology needed to achieve the best result possible. We have been successfully writing essays on various topics, including tourism, since 2005 and guarantee you a top-notch end product. We know how to structure essays, know how to format them according to MLA, APA and/or other writing styles. Briefly, here is how writing at is done: You send us a request via the order page (or a simple email inquiry prior to ordering a paper). We review your request and respond with a preferable timeline, and if something is missing will ask you to supply the missing information (or will ask more questions). Once we have made sure the paper contains complete instructions, we assign a writer to work on it. If he or she has any questions, they will be sent to you via the messaging board of the customer control panel. Once the paper is complete, it will be scanned to plagiarism and emailed to you. In case you request any changes to the paper, we will gladly incorporate them as a part of our revision policy. We guarantee you that your experience with will be enjoyable and that you will be satisfied with the outcome.

Nahil computers company internship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Nahil computers company internship - Essay Example Currently, the company focuses on the sale and support of its diverse range of products in the Saudi Arabia kingdom. It has established a network of branches throughout the Saudi Arabia kingdom. An outstanding factor about the Nahil Computer Company is the fact that the company has been a leader in the market indulging in the distribution, reselling, as well as system integration of both computers and other computer related products. The Nahil Computer Company’s focus is to promote customer satisfaction of a remarkably high level. The company ensures the quality of products and service reliability, as well as the establishment of reputable brands. Recently, the company has indulged in downsizing its operations by adjusting its structure. The structural adjustments and the downsizing of the structure have served to propel the company to higher success. When the company started, it had less than ten employees and a single office located in Riyadh. However, the company has exhibited growth over the years and has numerous branches across Saudi Arabia. The company’s vision is to become the most preferred and trusted supplier that provides personalized, modular and turnkey IT solutions. In addition, the company seeks to ensure that it provides the best available services to all the customers (SÃ £vulescu 76). The company’s mission is to ensure that it achieves a 100% customer satisfaction through the launching of high-quality products and providing customers with remarkable support. Therefore, the company has technicians with outstanding skills who ensure that clients make the right decisions and provide them with cost-effective solutions. Since the company focuses on creating a positive customer relationships, it seeks to improve its quality in order to provide customers with their products. One of the outstanding core values of the company is the organization that seeks to ensure that customer choices and opinions have the priority (Mohammed 1). The

Strategic corporate finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Strategic corporate finance - Essay Example Price-to earnings ratios as a method of share valuation aids in the determination of whether a company is undervalued or overvalued, however, P/E ratio has a number of limitations or pitfalls and is only valid in specific circumstances. Its usefulness is undermined by the following factors. The first factor is accounting. Earnings from which is it derived is an accounting figure that is determined under the guidance of accounting rules known as Generally Accepted accounting Principles, GAAP) that are subject to change and they usually vary from one country to another (Barnhart & Giannetti 2009: 79). Therefore, EPS can be squeezed, twisted and prodded into numerous numbers depending on how one decides to do the books. It is therefore subjective and the figures being compared may not be the same. The second factor that limits the usefulness of P/E ratio is inflation. During times of high inflation, P/E ratio tends to e much lower because the market normally views the earnings as bein g artificially distorted upwards (Ball 2012: 327). During such times, depreciation as well as inventory costs tends to be understated since the replacement costs of equipment as well as goods increase with the rise in general level of prices. Information therefore, makes it hard to value the shares because past information is often less useful today. P/E ratio cannot therefore give a clear picture regarding the valuation of the shares of the company in times of high inflation Another limitation is about market interpretations. The values of P/E can be interpreted in a number of ways, for instance, a low P/E ratio may mean that the company is undervalued. On the other hand, it may indicate that the market thinks that the firm in question is headed for trouble or problems in the near future. This implies that the earnings of the company will reduce lower than expected (Ball 2012: 330). It is clear that companies are able to manipulate

Personal Savings Strategies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Savings Strategies - Assignment Example I can possible save over $50 a month if I control my impulsive buys. My gasoline expenses are high because my SUV vehicle wastes a lot of gas. I could invest in acquiring a hybrid vehicle that gives at least 40 miles per gallon. My gasoline expenses would be reduced by at least 60% by acquiring an economical vehicle. My personal savings plan starts by establishing a realistic goal of how much I must can save based on my personal expenses. My personal income is $2000 a month. I must add my variable and fixed expenses to determine a budget that exceeds my expenses. People that spend more than what they earn are always in debt because they finance their excess living expenses through debt instruments such as credit cards. The table below shows my financial personal plan based on my income and expenses. The budget above is my best estimate of my monthly expenses. The two tactics I’m going to use are lower my clothes and entertainment expense by $50 and to lower my gasoline expenses. I will trade in my SUV for a used vehicle that gives 40 mpg. The value of my vehicle is above $20,000, thus I have some options to achieve my goals without having to increase my budget by buying a new car. I expect to obtain a gas savings of 60% which would lower my monthly gasoline expenses from $300 to $120 month. The new budget of the next five years is illustrated below: My new monthly budget will allow me to save $230 a month. My total yearly savings are $2760 a month. A conservative estimate for the next five years is that my savings will continue at the same rate for the next five years. The reason that the estimate is conservative is because my income will increase due to a higher level of educational attainment. The same assumption will be applied for the 10 year and 20 year financial goals. Based on a 2% interest in savings for the next 5 years my

Texas Gov't - Identify the potential problems with Texas's judicial Essay

Texas Gov't - Identify the potential problems with Texas's judicial system. Describe the Missouri Plan for judicial selection, and compare it with the system used in Texas - Essay Example The fact that the Texass judicial system uses only election method to select judges increases the chance low accountability of judges as they are likely to be partisan in their actions. Judges have to be partisan because it is the party that will take them to this power. This leads to judges whose allegiance is not to the justice system but to the party that helps them to get the posts. Needless to say, these positions, right from the lowest positions which is the positions of a municipal court, are important careers, not only for the judge but also for political parties. This means that when the system of selecting a judge is based on the political party system, the quality of judges will play a smaller role while the political affiliation will be the main issue determining who will get these positions (Cheek & Champagne, 2005; 99). The judges require a lot of money for campaign and this may interfere with their integrity. The amount of financial investment needed for the campaign is too high for most of these judges to afford from their pockets and they have to be funded by outside sources. So the question is, how will a judge be able to be neutral and fair in cases where he finds himself or herself having to preside over case involving one of his main funders? This brings in an integrity issue and in this scenario it may not be possible for this system to offer the state a good team of judges. The electorate doesn’t know these judges personally and have to depend on partisan lines to vote them. Although the electoral vote system of selecting judges is hinged on the argument that people should be able to decide who judges them, the fact is that a major part of the population of these people don’t know the judges they are supposed to elect (Maxwell, Earl & Santos, 2013; 158). The work of a judge is not public and therefore unlike politicians whose leadership can be detected in the public arena, there is no way for the electorate to know the

Services marketing environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Services marketing environment - Essay Example Moreover he will give some recommendations from the results and the analysis, which will help the hotels to be improved. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a summary as well as an interpretation from research findings of the secondary data, by books, journal articles, reports, electronic databases and websites in order to drown the literature. In addition, an in-depth analysis of the roles and purpose of the HR in organizations in general will be included, how HR assists in the organization and how HR helps the organization strategy. Moreover, the research is concentrated on the HRM in companies. Finally, some information about the HRM in hotels will be given. This chapter is very helpful in increasing the knowledge relative to the studying area since the results and the findings of the primary data will be related with the literature review. Therefore, the knowledge from literature review is going to provide a more professional research that will focus on the purpose of this research. Also, the purpose of this is to offer an overview of significant information published on the topic in order to narrow down the research questions to a specific, suitable form. 'The study of consumer behaviour is at this time seen as a 'behavioural or social science.' There are many that would challenge that this is a misnomer although it is not strictly a 'science', in it purest form when compared with the 'Natural' and 'Mathematical sciences'. Watson states, "Behavioural Science is a purely objective experimental branch of Natural Science." To understand the real reasons people purchase one brand over the other, it is necessary to understand their underlying needs and concerns. In the past the theory of consumer behaviour has come from psychology; however, with further study sociology, anthropology and economics also contribute. Social Influences/Class: 'Social class membership serves consumers as a border of reference for the growth of attitude and behaviour.' The hierarchical aspect of social class is significant to marketers. Consumers purchase products based on, either their own or a senior class, or their wanting to have an improved role and status in life (Andreassen, Paul B. 2002, 371-389). Interest have to be paid to social class, as it is a natural form of segmentation, which determines buyer behaviour. Due to this, Geodemographic clusters were developed to locate concentrates of consumers with particular characteristics. Many companies design products or services for specific social classes. Consumers from the lower classes may only dream of owning a BMW or Jewellery from Harry Winston, therefore marketers would not target them (Arkes, Hal R., 2003,

Establishing theme Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Establishing theme - Essay Example as’ literary works, many things with the reference to the Star Wars universe (toys, clothes and other items of everyday use) have been produced and successfully marketed. The films themselves deserve particular interest because of the strength and actuality of the themes they cover, and the movie of the present paper – the fourth episode, â€Å"Star Wars: A New Hope† – deal with the one of the most often discussed topic – the destiny of an individual. The film uses techniques (lighting) and design elements (costuming, set design) which contribute to this topic establishment, which will be explained below. Lighting. The use of lighting technique is a strong point of the film, especially in regards to the theme of the destiny of a human being. The scenes of the film which involve the film protagonist – Luke Skywalker (for example, a scene when he buys droids for his caregivers’ farm in a desert: the sun is shining bright, and the sky is cloudless – no obstacles for the light) – employ a sufficient amount of the light of both natural and artificial origin, which determines his destiny as positive and, what is important, realized by himself as such. The best example of the lighting employment is the light sabers of the Jedi – in the trilogies, blue saber is a feature of a positive character (Jedi knight), whereas the negative ones, the Siths, operate red power beams. The light of a light saber is an indicator of a character and a reflection of his fate – the Jedi fulfill the mission of the good and complete it, even if they are killed in a combat , they are present with their close persons and guide them in a correct direction, whereas the Siths strive only for their own satisfaction and want absolute power which, in the end, leads them to failure. (Lucas, 1977). It is also necessary to mention that the visualization of the lighting effects were on a relatively high level for the times of the film, and â€Å"†¦brought audiences into more immediate

Services marketing environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Services marketing environment - Essay Example Moreover he will give some recommendations from the results and the analysis, which will help the hotels to be improved. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a summary as well as an interpretation from research findings of the secondary data, by books, journal articles, reports, electronic databases and websites in order to drown the literature. In addition, an in-depth analysis of the roles and purpose of the HR in organizations in general will be included, how HR assists in the organization and how HR helps the organization strategy. Moreover, the research is concentrated on the HRM in companies. Finally, some information about the HRM in hotels will be given. This chapter is very helpful in increasing the knowledge relative to the studying area since the results and the findings of the primary data will be related with the literature review. Therefore, the knowledge from literature review is going to provide a more professional research that will focus on the purpose of this research. Also, the purpose of this is to offer an overview of significant information published on the topic in order to narrow down the research questions to a specific, suitable form. 'The study of consumer behaviour is at this time seen as a 'behavioural or social science.' There are many that would challenge that this is a misnomer although it is not strictly a 'science', in it purest form when compared with the 'Natural' and 'Mathematical sciences'. Watson states, "Behavioural Science is a purely objective experimental branch of Natural Science." To understand the real reasons people purchase one brand over the other, it is necessary to understand their underlying needs and concerns. In the past the theory of consumer behaviour has come from psychology; however, with further study sociology, anthropology and economics also contribute. Social Influences/Class: 'Social class membership serves consumers as a border of reference for the growth of attitude and behaviour.' The hierarchical aspect of social class is significant to marketers. Consumers purchase products based on, either their own or a senior class, or their wanting to have an improved role and status in life (Andreassen, Paul B. 2002, 371-389). Interest have to be paid to social class, as it is a natural form of segmentation, which determines buyer behaviour. Due to this, Geodemographic clusters were developed to locate concentrates of consumers with particular characteristics. Many companies design products or services for specific social classes. Consumers from the lower classes may only dream of owning a BMW or Jewellery from Harry Winston, therefore marketers would not target them (Arkes, Hal R., 2003,

Evaluation sheet of key research studies Essay Example for Free

Evaluation sheet of key research studies Essay I decided not to revise anything for the essay part of the exam paper. This was because I felt that I had done enough research for my specialist modules and would be able to recall it when needed. In the weeks leading up to the exam I spent about 30 minutes a day going over various chapters in my study skills folder, and if there was a particular item I had trouble with I would make a note of it and go over it again the next day. Finding time at home to revise was a bit of a problem and I found that the best time was in the evening when the children had gone to bed. This meant that I was sometimes quite tired when I tried to revise and wasted some sessions simply because I could not absorb any information. In future I may choose to do my revision somewhere other that at home, for example, the library. This means I will be away from the distractions of children and phone calls. I will also give my friends and family a copy of my revision time-table so that they know not to bother me. I felt that we were given enough information before the exam to know what to expect though I would have liked to have seen a copy of an old paper and perhaps given the opportunity to have a go at completing one. When we were allowed to look at our paper I read it through once before answering any questions. Once I had done this I first answered the questions I did not need to think about too much before going on to the others, and if there were any I did not know then I left them blank. I then went onto the essay question and decided which to do, though I found making a choice difficult as I did not know how I would get on once I had started. Once I got started on the essay I realised the mistake I had made by not revising my specialist modules. I wanted to be able to include examples, statistics or case studies in my essay by could not remember any. Once I had completed the essay I went back to the questions and any that I did not know the answer to I guessed. I then proof read the whole paper and corrected some errors which I had missed. If I could have done thing differently I would have planned my revision better to avoid distractions. I found that spending 30 minutes a day trying to revise while cooking dinner and running around after the children does not work. Before the exam I was not nervous but I think this was to do with the fact I did not have time to think about it too much. I also think that I did not take it as seriously as I should have and therefore did not revise enough. While waiting outside the exam hall I seemed to catch nervousness from other people but cannot see any way to avoid this. During the exam I was more nervous than I expected and was really aware of how quickly the time was passing. I wanted to work out how much time I could spend on each section, but this seemed to make me feel worse as I could not remember how many points would be awarded for each. After the exam I felt a bit disappointed as I feel my lack of revision meant I could not do my best. Dealing with stress during my revision sometimes helped. It made feel more awake sometimes, though this was often short lived and I usually ended up feeling worn out. Stress often meant I could not concentrate properly and I would try to do too much in one session. In future I will try to avoid the negative affects of stress by taking regular breaks, planning my revision better, finding a better location for my revision, not revising when I am tired and taking revision more seriously. I also think that revision is something that should be a continuous process not only used just before an exam. Reviewing work monthly or termly is something that I will try in the future.

Marxist And Leninist Perspectives On Colonialism History Essay

Marxist And Leninist Perspectives On Colonialism History Essay Colonialism can be defined as the control that a country or government holds over the territory and the people in a foreign country. It can also be defined as the practice of one country acquiring full or partial political control over another country. It is the establishment, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colonies of one country in another. Also, colonialism is a term which refers to the settlement of colonies and migrates there as inhabitants. It is where a powerful country takes over a less powerful country and begins to rule that country as theirs. Colonialism and imperialism are often used inter changeably, but they are two different words having different meaning. As both colonialism and imperialism means political and economic domination of the other scholars often find it hard to differentiate the two. Although both words discuss suppression of the other, colonialism is where one nation assumes control over the other and imperialism refers to political or economic control either formally or informally. Colonialism can be thought to be a practice and imperialism as the idea driving the practice. It is also a term where a country conquers and rules over other regions. It means exploiting the resources of the resources of the conquered country for the benefit of conqueror. Karl Marx and Lenin had different views on colonialism but they both support democracy and equality. Karl Marx views colonialism as a major moment in the historical process of primitive accumulation and therefore as a precondition for the domination of the capitalist mode of production. Karl Marx influenced colonialism both post colonialism and anti colonialism. Karl Marx influenced the anti colonial independence movement around the world and the post colonial theory. Karl Marx analyzed colonialism as a progressive force which brings modernization to a society that is feudal. He also discussed how the British colonialism made impact on the Indians. Karl Marx mentioned the Indians as a feudal society who experienced modernization but in a painful manner or way. Karl Marx believed that that colonialism did not automatically lead to the prevalence of the capitalist mode of production in the colonies, since the latter as well as capital accumulation have for their fundamental condition the annihilation of that private property which rests on the labor of the individual himself. Karl Marx considered colonialism to be an indispensable feature of imperialism. The obstacle that the internal of pre-capitalist mode of production oppose to the solvent effect of trade is apparent in the English commerce with India and China. These social obstacles to capitalism advances more rapidly to wealth and greatness than any other human society. Whereas in colonies inhabited by barbarous nations was actually more difficult to displace the natives. Karl Marx used oriental despotism to describe a class domination that used the states power of taxation in order to extract resources from the peasantry. According to Marx, oriental despotism emerged in India because agricultural productivity depended on large scale public works. According to Karl Marx he said that the first stage of human development is personal dependence. He believed that every individual should be independent on his or her own. He believed that should be able to do what they want to do on their own without being controlled by someone else. Karl Marx also talked about the sufferings brought during the transition from feudal to bourgeois society while insisting that the transition is both necessary and ultimately progressive. He said that the penetration of foreign commerce will cause a social revolution in India. This had both negative and positive consequences according to Marx. Karl Marx argued that colonial control was necessary not as a means of excluding rival industrial nations. Karl also stressed the importance of the colonial states for transforming those non-capitalist modes whose political level was crucial for their reproduction. Imperialism is thus a tendency to expansion of a developed capitalist power, a tendency created in the last instance by economic processes, but also supported by political and ideological process. Some events like the World War II, show that it was not the economically most developed capitalist country which challenged the British colonial imperialist supremacy, but an imperialist country mainly motivated by national claims against its neighboring states. After the World War II and the national liberation movements which followed, most former colonies won their national independence, which led to the dissolution of empires and to the end of colonialism. Marxist approaches to imperialism consider, though that ex-colonies and developing countries are still subordinated to imperialist countries through dependency relations. The dependence created by colonialism is still manifested in all the key spheres of the developing countries economic life. According to Lenin, he defined the struggle for national independence in colonies as essential for these colonies, as the only political course of action which could bring an end to oppression and economic misery. He also defined these struggles as inherently progressive, as the politics of the struggles of working people for social justice and showed why such anti-colonial struggles would win. In the year 1915 to 1916 argued that colonial liberation struggles were important components of the worldwide revolutionary process and he declared his conviction that many of them would succeed during the lifetime of capitalism. In the year 1917 until the end of his active life, Lenin adopted his fully matured theory of liberation in the colonial world. Lenins theory influenced the world decolonization process. Lenin stated in his theory that colonial liberation movement would succeed in the era of imperialism, that they were progressive and that they would not be bourgeois nationalist to the extent that exploited and revolutionary socialists provided them with directions. Lenin also demanded of all revolutionary socialists that they fight for the liberation of all colonies and any party in any colony-owning country which did not fight strongly for the liberation of its countrys colonies would be excluded for the international. Lenin also argued that support for colonial liberation was a direct support for the worlds revolution. As late as 1916, Lenin still hoped that it might be possible to unite political movement in colonies and the countries which own these colonies. Lenin later abandoned this vision and never returned to it. After the year 1916, Lenin never suggested not even once that that working class parties in colonies should be fused to those in the colonizing country, except as they fused into a single international. Karl Marx and Lenin taught that colonialism resulted from the same logic that drove the economic development and modernization in Europe. Lenin was skeptical of theories which placed undue emphasis of the unified global nature of capitalism which underplay the role of nations and states. He showed that capitalism cannot be reduced to the economy, by ignoring the state or the political and ideological relations of power. He emphasized that the nation state is an important influence on the way economies are organized in the normal course of capitalist development and that there are important economic forces propelling the reproduction of nation states. Capitalist power over the working classes is at the same time economic, political and ideological and it is condensed by the capitalist state in each national social formation. Lenin thought that the articulation and intertwining of all existing capitalist powers, each of which possesses a different strength and development level. It forms the worlds imperialist chain, the weakest link of which was Russia in 1917. Lenin suggested that imperialism is a permanent relationship structuring the interactions between two types of countries. Although imperialism took the form of military competition between capitalist countries, it would result in collusion between capitalist interests to maintain a stable system of exploitation of the non-developed world.

Comparison of Snakecharmer and In the Snake Park :: comparison compare contrast essays

Comparison of Snakecharmer and In the Snake Park  Ã‚  Ã‚      There are many methods available for poets to utilize in creating a desired effect. They may take a number of different approaches to enhance an aspect of their poetry. Both Snakecharmer, by Sylvia Plath and In the Snake Park, by William Plomer show how the poets take advantage of different techniques to illustrate the world of the snake, and draw us into it. Plath using diction and Plomer using imagery, both describe the snake in order to establish a mood for their poems. They then proceed to show the relationships between man and the snake. Plomer applies characterization to achieve this effect, while Plath uses symbolism to do so in a more subtle manner.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Plath's use of diction to emphasize the movement of the snake produces a mood of anxiety by suggesting that something evil is stirring. Alliteration is used to make the sentences flow in the motion of a serpent. This effect is achieved by weaving the words together fluidly. It is especially effective when the snakecharmer 'pipes water green until green waters waver'. The 'sways', 'coilings' and 'writhings' which occur during the formation of his world create a feeling of restlessness. An image is conjured of a twisted mound of snakes that throbs and churns on a wave of 'green' putrid water. At the beginning of the poem, the piper 'begins a snaky sphere with moon-eye, mouth-pipe.' This is repeated at the end when he 'puts up his pipe, and lids his moony eye'. The poem is given a sense of closure. It reels as though a cycle has been completed. This makes the poem swell and flow to mimic the action of the snakes.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Plomer uses imagery to describe the snakes in his poem. This imagery shows a process of change in the snakes as they encounter humans. In the beginning of the poem 'lethargy' lies 'here and there in coils'. This portrays the snakes as languid, peaceful creatures. They are sleeping in the 'white-hot midday' sun. However, the Ringsnake is then said to be pouring 'slowly through an opening like smoke'. Using smoke as a simile is effective in changing the tone of the poem. Smoke moves very ominously, and the snakes are now waking from their peaceful sleep and emerging. Toward the end of the poem, the tone changes again.

Huck Finn’s Experiences Essay examples -- essays papers

Huck Finn’s Experiences In Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain presents the problem of slavery in America in the 19th Century. Twain poses this problem in the form of a character named Huckleberry Finn, a white boy raised in the antebellum South. Huck starts to question his view regarding slavery when he acquaints himself more intimately with a runaway slave while he himself tries to run away. Huck’s development as a character is affected by society’s influence on his experiences while growing up in the South, running away with Jim, and trying to save Jim. Although Huck decides to free Jim, Huck’s deformed conscience convinces him that he is doing the wrong thing. Huck’s experiences in the society impact his conscience by raising him to believe that human beings can be property. This quote by Pap Finn is taken from a conversation that he is having about a black professor from the North, â€Å"†¦prowling, thieving, infernal, white-shirted free nigger, and-† (Twain, pg 27). In this quote, Pap Finn expresses his feelings towards black people, and he is not the only person to think this way. Pap feels as if the most accomplished black man is always beneath the basest white man. When Huck returns to Aunt Sally, they have this conversation: Aunt Sally: â€Å"Good Gracious! anybody hurt?† Huck: â€Å"No’m. Killed a nigger† Aunt Sally: â€Å"Well, it’s lucky; because sometimes people do get hurt†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Twain, pg 221) Southern society seems to share this idea of how white people belittle blacks. Aunt Sally shows how it does not really matter about a ‘nigger’ being shot and how she does not consider that a person getting hurt. Society’s influence on Huck is clearly evident when he says, â€Å"They took my nigger, w... ...as he must be white inside. This shows how in his mind, white is good and black is bad, but since Jim is black and he is doing something good, then he must be white. Huck’s experiences and surroundings change him day by day. Even though Jim is black and he hasn’t changed, Huck has changed and now recognizes Jim as a human being and not as property. Through out the entire novel, Huck has grown as a character because of the experiences that he has gone through. Along with society's impact, running away with Jim and trying to save Jim have also changed and impacted Huck's character. Huck's views on slavery have changed due to his experiences with Jim. Although the end of the novel does lead Huck to how he was at the beginning, the reader can still see how much Huck has changed and grown. Huck does not view Jim as property anymore, but as a human being with feelings.

Beowulf and Grendel Comparison

Brooklyn Technical High School  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lhadoen Gyephel E4H- pd. 5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   04/02/13 Grendel The book Grendel by John Gardner is about a monster, named Grendel, who involves himself with humans. It goes back in time to show the origins of the conflict between them and also to show Grendel’s personal change within. The novel provides the view of the â€Å"monster† that everyone in Beowulf feared and hated.It showcases how certain events and experiences sha ped Grendel, not only as a monster, but as a human and observer. The story focuses on Grendel’s different philosophies of thought. He observes the local humans, the Scyldings’ development as a civilization and as individuals. His first encounters with the outside world are both bewildering and melancholy. His encounter with a bull and humans leads to his search for personal meaning and his desire to torment the humans.All these things show that Grendel is not a monster, but a non-human who possesses human-like qualities, such as emotion and thoughts. Beowulf portrays Grendel as a savage beast, who is solely driven by his nonhuman instincts to torture humans. It gives the reader the feeling that he does not possess the same thought processes as humans do; therefore, he is characterized as a monster. However, in this novel, Grendel’s point of view and thoughts are more developed and deeper than how he is portrayed in Beowulf.The readers get a glimpse of the story through his eyes and it may change their view of Grendel. He is a solitary and disoriented creature who is misunderstood by humans and all those around him. He looks for a place to belong and his quest is to know who and what he is. â€Å"I had become something, as if born again. I had hung between possibilities before, between the cold truths I knew and the heart-sucking conjuring tricks of the Shaper; now that was passed: I was Grendel, Ruiner of Meadhalls, Wrecker of Kings!?But also, as never before, I was alone. † Grendel states this at the end of Chapter 6 and it marks the start of his 12-year war against the humans. It’s significant because it’s Grendel’s step in creating his own identity and place in the world for the first time. It not only indicates that Grendel has a role of the humans’ nemesis but that now, more than ever before, Grendel was alone because he has destroyed the possibility of ever befriending the humans.

Dunkirk and the Battle of Britain Essay

Sources A, B and C all give information about what happened at the battle of Dunkirk and about the evacuation. All three sources were written by British people which means that the sources could be biased or contain incorrect information. Source A was written by Commander Thomas Kerr, a naval officer sent to organise the evacuation. Since the naval officer is British we can speculate that the source is biased. Thomas Kerr starts off by saying â€Å"What a terrible night that was, for we had got hold of the odds and ends of an army, not the fighting soldiers.†- this suggests to us that it was a horrible night, the soldiers they had got hold of were like the leftovers from the battle, they were depressed, hungry and they had low morale we know that this could be true because in the DVD we saw in class called ‘The Finest Hour’, a documentary about the evacuation of Dunkirk from a BBC television series, we see soldiers like Peter Vaux who hadn’t eaten for 5 days and was very tired. This source tells us that they weren’t fighting soldiers which we can say is true because if all the suggestions above are true, we can truly conclude that the soldiers weren’t ready to fight. Thomas Kerr goes on to say â€Å"There were hardly any officers, and the few present were useless†- this implies that there were hardly any officers left because they could have been killed or captured during the evacuation, and for the ones that were their they were probably so taken aback by the events going on that they could no longer instruct. It could also tell us that the officers there were tired or injured, so they couldn’t do much. This could be biased because Thomas Kerr could be trying to make us think that the officers were useless to try and make him or other naval commanders look good. Thomas Kerr then says â€Å"but our promise of safety, and the sight of our naval uniforms, resorted some order to the rabbleâ€Å"- this tells us that the navy was promising the soldiers safety and that their ‘glorious’ uniforms resorted some order to the rabble, this can be seen as biased because Thomas Kerr is making us think that the navy was powerful and saying it as if though the navy were the leaders, he himself is a part of the navy and just wants to make them look superior and heroic. Thomas Kerr lastly says â€Å"Their faith in the navy was pathetic; we could only do our best.†- this suggests that the soldiers didn’t really believe in the navy that they thought of them as they did everyone else, it then suggests that they could only do their best. Overall, this source gives us a lot of information on what happened in the evacuation of Dunkirk although quite a bit of the information is biased, in favour of the British and the navy there is some truth in the source.

Appendix E: Racial Formation

University of Phoenix Material Appendix E Part I Define the following terms: |Term |Definition | |Racial formation | | | |Too look at a race as a socially constructed identity. | |Segregation |Setting apart or separating things or people and may refer to. |De jure segregation | | | |Segregation or isolation of individual from main group that Is imposed by law | |Pluralism |A condition in which numerous distinct ethnic, religious, or cultural groups are present and | | |tolerated within society | |Assimilation |The process whereby a minority group gradually adopts the customs attitude of the prevailing | | |culture. |Part II Answer the following questions in 150 to 350 words each: †¢ Throughout most of U. S. history in most locations, what race has been the majority? What is the common ancestral background of most members of this group? It shows that the whites were the majority group threw out history, also it was deemed by the color of your skin also meaning if you had ligh ter looking skin the you were consider to be white , but if you had the darker looking color of skin then you were deemed to be of a different race. †¢ What are some of the larger racial minorities in U. S. history? What have been the common ancestral backgrounds of each of these groups?When did each become a significant or notable minority group? Hispanics really outnumber the African Americans as the largest minority group in Us history for the first time and that’s when the government starting counting the nations population more than two centuries ago. The Census Bureau’s confirmed a symbolic milestone for a nation whose history has been mainly black and white racial dynamics. They also said that it is adding a new dimension to everything from product making to politics learning the about their ethnic background. http://usatoday30. usatoday. com/news/nation/census/2003-06-18-Census_x. htm †¢ †¢ In what ways have laws been used to enforce discriminati on? Provide examples.These laws were intended against which racial minorities? Professor Gates from Harvard University was arrested by police investigating a possible break in at his own house. A lot of the Harvard faculty thought it was racial profiling. Again another incident was another Professor Counter which is in neuroscience, was almost arrested by Harvard Security in 2004 after being mistaken for robbery suspect as he crossed the Harvard Yard, Security officers threatened him to be arrested when he couldn’t produce his identification badge. Both professor are thinking that black men are being targeted by the Cambridge police department. http://www. boston. com/news/local/breaking_news/2009/07/harvard. html In what ways have laws been used to eliminate discrimination? Provide examples. Did the laws work to eliminate discrimination? This country has taken a huge step forward and has accepted some new changes and the remaining have not adapted to change. For example wher e at one time it was okay to discriminate against race, for its wrong today, but yet we are more accepting Bisexuals/Homosexuals to our country, instead of pushing them away. So now we are accepting gay marriage, and then we have others who do not. So what this is saying is laws are helping to change but not eliminate it, and that will take some time to do and a shift in culture and society. Lindsey Metzler

DARE Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DARE - Term Paper Example These 43 countries vary in languages and are spread across the globe. Anguilla, Barbados, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Guatemala, Italy, Iceland, Cuba, Japan, Mexico, Philippines, Norway, Spain, South Korea, United Kingdom, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Wales and St. Maarten are some of the countries which have embraced D.A.R.E. as a means of assisting them in the fight against drug abuse and violence. D.A.R.E. signifies a collaborative effort to reduce crime between ‘local schools and law enforcement personnel’ (Leis 2009). Interestingly, local D.A.R.E. programs were found to be so effective that both national and international stakeholders clamored for the creation of an umbrella organization. This massive demand led to the establishment of D.A.R.E. America, a major resource to improve the quality of the local D.A.R.E. programs. This non-profit organization offers officer training provides educational materials for students, assesses the D.A.R.E. curriculum as well as the standards of instruction and program effectiveness. D.A.R.E. America generates consciousness in the minds of the American citizens about D.A.R.E. Police officers are trained and certified to present classroom lessons to children from kindergarten to 12th grade. ... An additional 40 hours of training in high school curriculum is necessary for D.A.R.E. instructors. Internationally D.A.R.E. is considered to be a representation of community policing. The United States Department of Justice has highlighted several valuable contributions of D.A.R.E. to local communities. Two major benefits include a seamless relationship between the young people and the police and opportunities for there to be open communication/dialogues between the school, police and parents. It is quite easy to begin a D.A.R.E. program in one’s community. A signed written agreement between the Superintendent of Schools and the Chief of police I submitted to D.A.R.E. America indicating the desires of both parties to implement the program and the guarantee that the police officers would participate and complete the required D.A.R.E. training. Generally, there is no charge for the tuition to officers. However, some training centers may charge a small fee. The requesting instit utions would usually pay for the lodging and meal expenses of their officers. For the first year both instructor’s materials and students’ workbooks are supplied free of charge to the officers and students in question. Hence a starter kit is supplied to these communities free of charge for the first year. D.A.R.E. in its 28 years life span has received endless praise for its work in public awareness of drug abuse and gang violence from a wide range of members of society. However, no commendation is as distinguished as its first Presidential proclamation since 1988 of a national D.A.R.E. Day. Subsequent to this date each year is marked with a Presidential Proclamation declaring one day in the year as the national

Comparison between training day and adjustment buerau Essay

Comparison between training day and adjustment buerau - Essay Example Crime refers to an unlawful activity that is done in law violation, where moral inclusiveness is used in ensuring criminal justice. Criminal justice system is a composition of a group of professionals, who exercise power and authority bestowed to them over other parties, to use force and physical coercion against them. Application of ethical values in rational decisions made in the criminal justice is also critical so that right decisions are made after serious critical thinking is employed to address the important issues of ethics, and the code of conduct within the law (Ethics in Criminal Justice Administration, 2012). When ethical values are effectively applied or incorporated when making serious and critical decisions, the decisions made are bound to be correct and very appropriate to the situation under consideration. Ethics are very critical when making critical decisions, because they help in guiding the decision which in most cases, if not well guided, may be wrong or inappro priate. Each field has its own ethics to be followed, though there are various ethical standards which are common in almost all the disciplines or which are universal. These universal standards of ethics or ethical standards guide a lot in decision making. In criminal justice just like any other field, proper decisions are critical because they aid in facilitating success. Adjustment bureau and the training day film critically analyzing the various issues of the ethics, crime and criminal justice where various decisions are made by significant actors in the movie. Here, the adjustment bureau does everything to stop David and Elise from being together using their considerable power. David in the destiny of all manners of fate is presented with a scenario where he has to do all that he can to ensure that he fulfills his desires regardless of the adjustment bureau (School of Criminal Justice, 2008). David as depicted in this scenarios is a go getter, who won’t let anything stop him from achieving what he wants or intents to achieve in life. His determination to achieve is clearly demonstatated in this scenario where he works so hard to ensure that none of his desires go unsatisfied in the end. The kind of determination exhibited here by this character is overwhelming, and is of great encouragement to those people who easily give up before achieving their targets or before satisfying their desires. In the idea of criminal justice, The Adjustment Bureau and The Training Day present the process of claims that dramatizations in media are so often misrepresent, and distort concepts of criminal justice. They also present the various legal systems leveled in various fictional bureau, such as the police officers implementing criminal justice in the movies, Adjusting Bureau and Training Day. In understanding all the connections in terms of decision making and critical and rational decision making, it’s very critical for one to be very considerate. According to the film and the instruments of criminal justice in line with ethical codes of conduct, the following discussion exemplifies the issues ironed out (United NationsOffice on Drugs and Crime, 2009). Justifying beliefs and decisions In validating the ways of life and decisions made in the criminal justice system, explaining what such decisions and who

CIMA Official Learning System - Performance Operations Essay

CIMA Official Learning System - Performance Operations - Essay Example Since all organization produce more than one product and the overhead costs are incurred together and thus the allocation, appropriation and absorption of these overhead costs have to be done most justly. Allocation allocates the overhead costs to the cost centres or units from where these costs are incurred. Appropriation is done on two levels. On the primary level, appropriation is done by dividing overhead costs to both product and service centres on an equal basis. On the secondary level, overhead costs are distributed on arbitrary bases, depending upon either time or usage. Absorption is the absorption of overhead costs to the production cost. To do this, absorption rate is determined using the following formula: Overhead Recovery Rate = Overhead Costs/ Unit Chose The advantage of full cost approach is that it is relatively simple to use this approach if the firm can account for its costs easily. This approach also brings stability to the pricing system, thereby allowing the firm to justify their prices to the consumers. Full costs approach also makes it easier to understand the pricing strategy of their competitors. Under the full cost approach, the firm can expect a reasonable rate of recovery for its products. However, there are certain disadvantages of the full cost approach.... However, there are certain disadvantages of the full cost approach. The full cost approach does not allow for the adjustment of prices according to the changing demands and competition and thus may result in increased prices of the products against the competition. The full cost approach also does not allow the organization to adapt its pricing structure to prevent loss. This is because the volume of production of the products is not flexible and thus when demand goes down, the volume cannot be suitably adjusted. The treatment of costs in the full cost approach is also standardized and thus do not allow for the differentiation between relevant and irrelevant costs (Lal, 2008) Marginal Costing Approach Marginal Costing has been defined by I.C.M.A London as ‘the ascertainment of marginal costs and of the effect on profits of changes in the volume or the type of output by differentiating between fixed costs and variable costs’ (Murthy and Gurusamy, 2009). Marginal Costing a llows the organization to write of its fixed costs in the profit or loss account while using the variable cost to determine the profit margin for the product. The Profit in marginal costing is determined by subtracting the variable and fixed costs from the selling price of the product. By differentiating between fixed and variable costs, marginal costing allows the organization to effectively decide the feasibility of the product by studying the current manufacturing costs. Since the costs are variable, the selling price of the product can also be adjusted to meet the pricing demands of the market. Marginal Costing Approach basically allows flexibility in the management decision, including the make-buy decision, the sales mix and the method of product to be used. Marginal Costing is more

Steroids Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Steroids - Research Paper Example Recently, steroids have been in discussion with the media. In addition, many sports related persons are heard or seen on media charged with the steroid abuse. However, steroids are comprised of several different names for example stackers, pumpers, gym candy, weight trainers, roids, gear, Arnolds (Lau ) and the most popular one is juice (Freedman 64). In recent years steroids are being used in the treatment of many diseases like asthma, lack of proper growth, cancer, osteoporosis and other skin related disease (Freedman 64). They are defined as a â€Å"class of lipids having a particular molecular ring structure called the cyclopentanoperhydro-phenanthrene ring system. Steroids differ from one another in the structure of various side chains and additional rings. Steroids are common in both plants and animals. In humans, steroids are secreted by the ovaries and testes, the adrenal cortex† ("Steroids." 1-1). Moreover, the chemical substances that are produced in the human body in order to control the metabolism are known as hormones. The hormones act as a courier that controls the actions of the body by sending messages to the body tissues (LeVert 96). Similarly, steroids are also like hormones, they are substances prepared in the laboratory and are known as synthetic steroids that are used for the treatment of medical issues (Freedman 64). The hormones in males for example testosterones are responsible for the improvement of male distinctiveness such as facial hairs, intensifying male voices or bu lky muscles. Males produce large amount of testosterone that helps in enhancement of male features. Anabolic steroids are also derived from male sex hormones testosterones. In addition, steroids are used by many health professionals for the treatment of several diseases but these steroids can be availed only by the medical prescription (Freedman 64). These are the natural steroids produced in the human body by a gland known as the adrenal cortex.

University level Statistics Maths problem Speech or Presentation

University level Statistics Maths problem - Speech or Presentation Example Q1. (vi) The data points outside the range [Q1-1.5*IQR, Q3+1.5*IQR] are termed as outliers. For the dataset this range is [6.5, 82.5]. As there is no data point outside of this range. Hence there are no outliers. Q2 (ii) He should definitely construct two frequency histograms. Only then he will be able to visualize the true picture of the difference in capabilities of the two sexes in solving the mental rotation problems. (a) A histogram of a variable and residual should be drawn. If the histogram of the variables shows rough normality and that of residuals show normality then it is taken as an evidence of normality. (http://faculty.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/PA765/assumpt.htm) (b) Kolmogorov-Smirnov D test or K-S Lilliefors test, is a test of normality for large samples. This test is available in SPSS under Analyze, Descriptive Statistics, Explore, Plots. Here one needs to check "Normality plots with

Plantation Management in the Old South Essay Example for Free

Plantation Management in the Old South Essay William Scarborough’s, The Overseer, examines the importance and the daily duties of the plantation overseer and how they influenced and contributed to the production and efficiency of slaves in the â€Å"Old South†. This position was unarguably, the most important position in the southern plantation system as they determined the success or failure of a plantation. In some small plantations, but mostly larger ones, the overseer was in charge of the supervision of enslaved Africans, care of the land, planting, farm tools, and harvesting. The overseer has been especially known in history as the handler of harsh disciplinary actions against slaves for breaking heavy or mild rules. The emergence of job advertising stormed through the south with higher number of individuals owning slaves. Over time leading up to the Civil War, the position of overseer has been professionalized with some planters even requiring letters of recommendations from their applicants. The goal of the author is to gather facts and accurate evidence that demonstrate how overseers effectively completed their task set forth by plantation owners and were less concerned about the torture and harsh beating of the enslaved Africans. The writer focuses more on the profession itself as opposed to examining the individual’s social class or morals in society. He also attempts to provide a valuable interpretation of one of many groups that made up the white middle class of the Old South. The book is divided into three sections with the first concerning the history and role of the overseer in the plantation establishment. It also gives key details on contract negotiations between the overseer and the plantation owner. Lastly, this section shows the view of the overseer by the general public. The second section examines the managerial duties and responsibilities and some of the disagreements between the plantation master and the overseer. The final section shows the occupation and the importance of the plantation supervisor during the Civil War and how the loss or reduction in available overseers affected the surviving plantations after the war ended. The overseer system was first introduced in the United States by the Virginia Company of England with the primary job function of upholding gained territory. When Africans were shipped to the Louisiana Territory as slaves, this very system was implemented. The vast majority of overseers during the colonial period were indentured servants whose terms of service had expired. One major reason for the increase in overseers in the antebellum south, during the 18th century were the cultural change that demanded plantation owners to indulge in the arts and other cultural pursuits. The profile of many of the men that went into this profession were most likely either the son of a planter, white lower class men, and men who actually saw the economic benefits of being an overseer. One distinctive feature of the overseer system during the colonial period was the practice of leasing developed plantations with slaves as stock. With this agreement the overseer was in charge for maintenance of the s lave force, and in return received one-third of the net proceeds from the selling of the crops. This profession would soon become highly profitable when cotton became the forefront of agriculture in the United States although to some had a negative view of the position. Although most of the overseers were originally poor and uneducated, they still gained enough respect by their employers to be acknowledged as a semi-elite professional with a very profitable position. Whatever may have been the view of the planter class regarding the step on the â€Å"social ladder† occupied by slave managers, the overseer himself had no feeling of class inferiority and showed little resentment toward the proprietary group. One of the major duties of the overseer was the welfare and discipline of the slaves, the care of livestock and other agriculture implements, and the production of staple and subsistence crops. The overseer assigned certain task to specific slave groups and supervised the labor of slaves in the field. The overseer was expected to have basic medical understanding to be able to examine the slaves and make note of any who actually needed professional treatment to treat certain physical hinders. The slave manager was obliged to make periodic inspections of slave cabins and was responsible for the distribution of clothing for the slaves. Lastly, and most importantly, the overseer was expected to ensure the security of the whites against uprisings of slaves, which was to some, inevitable. Depending of the plantation, there were also a second set of rules that were handed down from the planter to the overseer to instruct to the slaves. Some plantations had very harsh working conditions and required long hours, regardless of age or gender, while other were pretty mild with less work demanded from pregnant women and children under the age of seven. Some planters stated that â€Å"a happy slave is a productive slave† and the overseer had to abide by the wishes of the planter although they may have had different views on the use and managing of the slaves. The relationship between the overseer and the planter became pivotal leading up to the Civil War in 1861. As the Civil War began to run its course, the production of agriculture (with slave labor) was extremely important in the surviving and continuity of the south. The role of the overseer became even greater than ever with the departure of healthy white men leaving to join the Confederate Army. In many areas in the south, the only remaining security against insurgencies from the slaves was the overseers. It was no surprise that the drafting of plantation managers to the Confederate Army, angered many planters knowing that there would not be enough qualified managers to keep the slaves productive and fearful. There were even laws put into place in states such as Georgia, South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana that limited the number of overseers that could be drafted into the army. The south also made a rule stating that any wounded soldier who is able must return and oversee a plantation in order to contribute to the production of goods in the south. With this reduction in overseers, many slaves were able to escape and a number of large plantations fell due to the absence of the â€Å"slave Manager†. Scarborough’s The Overseer, examines the life and impact of the plantation overseer and how it shaped the working system of slavery and production in the United States. The author’s uses key facts to back his thesis on the importance and professionalism of the overseer. Scarborough did extensive research by exploring primary sources such as the memoirs of planters, public records, legal documents, and advertising posters. He incorporates a number of different employment contracts between planters and overseers and compared them based on the size of the plantation, state and region, and number of slaves. The author seemed to look at this job description from a professional standpoint as opposed to the ills and negative view that society and some historians have placed on the managers of plantations. He mentions that some overseers who were uneducated or inexperienced greatly affected the outlook for this profession and shadowed the somewhat complex job of managing an entire plantation.